01 - Preheat oven to 375°F. Lightly grease a 9x13-inch casserole dish with butter or cooking spray.
02 - Bring a large pot of salted water to a rolling boil. Add butternut squash, parsnips, carrots, and Brussels sprouts. Cook for 8 minutes until slightly tender, then drain thoroughly in a colander and set aside.
03 - In a large skillet over medium heat, melt 2 tablespoons butter. Add sliced leeks and minced garlic; sauté for 3-4 minutes until leeks are softened and fragrant, stirring frequently to prevent browning.
04 - Sprinkle flour evenly over the softened leeks, stirring constantly for 1 minute to cook out the raw flour taste. Gradually whisk in milk and heavy cream, ensuring no lumps form.
05 - Add dried thyme, sage, ground nutmeg, salt, and black pepper to the sauce. Reduce heat to medium-low and simmer for 4-5 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the sauce thickens enough to coat the back of a spoon.
06 - Gently fold the blanched vegetables into the cream sauce until evenly coated. Pour the vegetable mixture into the prepared casserole dish, spreading it into an even layer.
07 - Sprinkle grated Gruyère cheese evenly over the vegetable mixture, covering the entire surface.
08 - In a small bowl, combine panko breadcrumbs with melted butter and chopped fresh parsley. Mix until all breadcrumbs are evenly coated with butter.
09 - Sprinkle the buttered breadcrumb mixture evenly over the cheese layer. Bake uncovered for 35-40 minutes until the casserole is bubbling around the edges and the topping is golden brown.
10 - Remove from oven and let the casserole stand for 10 minutes before serving to allow the sauce to set slightly for easier scooping.